Type: | Alloy Steel Bar |
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Standard: | AISI, ASTM, GB, JIS, DIN, BS |
Technique: | Forged |
Application: | Structural Steel Bar, Tool Steel Bar |
Surface Treatment: | Polished |
Alloy: | Alloy |
Customization: |
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AISI D2 / DIN 1.2379 /SKD11 tool steel bar
1.Supply Form & Size & Tolerance
Supply Form | Size(mm) | Process | Tolerance | |
Round |
Φ6-Φ100 | Cold Drawn | Bright/Black | Best H11 |
Φ16-Φ350 |
Hot Rolled |
Black | -0/+1mm | |
Peeled/ground | Best H11 | |||
Φ90-Φ1000 |
Hot Forged |
Black | -0/+5mm | |
Rough Turned | -0/+3mm | |||
Flat/Square/Block |
Thickness :120-800 | Hot Forged |
Black | -0/+8mm |
Width:120-1500 | Rough Machined | -0/+3mm |
Remark:Tolerance can be customized as per requests
2.Chemical Composition
Standard | Grade | C | Si | Mn | P | S | Cr | V | Mo |
ASTM A681 | D2 | 1.4-1.6 | 0.1-0.6 | 0.1-0.6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 11.0-13.0 | 0.5-1.1 | 0.7-1.2 |
DIN ISO 4957 | 1.2379 | 1.45-1.6 | 0.15-0.6 | 0.2-0.6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 11.0-13.0 | 0.7-1.0 | 0.7-1.0 |
JIS G4404 | SKD11 | 1.4-1.6 | 0.4 | 0.6 | 0.03 | 0.03 | 11.0-13.0 | 0.2-0.5 | 0.8-1.2 |
3.Physical Property
Temperature | 20°C | 200°C | 400°C | |
Melting point | 1421°C | |||
Density ,kg/m3 | 7700 | 7650 | 7600 | |
Modulus of elasticity,Mpa | 210000 | 200000 | 180000 | |
Coefficient of thermal expansion |
low temperature tempering per °C from 20°C | - | 12.3 x 10^-6 | - |
high temperature tempering per °C from 20°C | - | 11.2 x 10^-6 | 12 x 10^-6 | |
Thermal conductivity,W/m °C | 20 | 21 | 23 | |
Specific heat,J/kg °C | 460 | - | - |
4. Mechanical Property
Metric | Imperial | |
Hardness, Knoop (converted from Rockwell C hardness) | 769 | 769 |
Hardness, Rockwell C | 62 | 62 |
Hardness, Vickers | 748 | 748 |
Izod impact unnotched | 77.0 J | 56.8 ft-lb |
Poisson's ratio | 0.27-0.30 | 0.27-0.30 |
Elastic modulus | 190-210 GPa | 27557-30457 ksi |
5.Copressive Strength
Hardness | Compressive yield strength, Rc 0.2 | |
HRC | Mpa | ksi |
62 | 2200 | 319 |
60 | 2150 | 312 |
55 | 1900 | 276 |
50 | 1650 | 239 |
6.Forging
Heat the D2 tool steel slowly and uniformly to 700°C then more rapidly to 900-1040°C. Reheat is necessary when temperature is below 900°C.AISI D2 steel should be cooled as slowly as possible in furnace,and annealing is strongly recommended after forged.
7.Annealing
Annealing must be performed after hot working and before re-hardening. Heat at a rate not exceeding 220°C per hour to 870-900°C, and hold at temperature for 1 hour per inch (25.4mm) of maximum thickness; 2 hours minimum. Then cool slowly with the furnace at a rate not exceeding 20°C per hour to 530°C. Continue cooling to room temperature in the furnace or in air. The resultant hardness should be a maximum of 255 HBW.
8.Sress Relieving
After rough machining,AISI D2 steel should be heated throughly to 600-650°C, holding time 2 hours. Cool slowly to 500°C, then freely in air.
9.Hardening
Preheating temperature: 650-750°C.
Austenitizing temperature: 990- 1050°C, but usually 1000-1040°C.
Temperature , °C | Soaking time Min. | Hardness before tempering |
990 | 60 | approx. 63 HRC |
1010 | 45 | approx. 63 HRC |
1030 | 30 | approx. 63 HRC |
Quenching Media
• Oil (Only very simple geometries)
• Vacuum (high speed gas)
• Forced air/gas
• Martempering bath or fluidized bed at 180-500°C, then cooling in air.
10.Tempering
Temper immediately after quenching. Hold at temperature for 1 hour per inch (25.4 mm) of thickness, 2 hours minimum, then air cool to ambient temperature. The typical tempering range is 180 to 210ºC.Double tempering is recommended.
Temperature ,°C | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 | 400 |
Hardness,HRC | 62-61 | 61-60 | 60-59 | 57-56 | 56-55 | 56-55 |
11.Application
AISI D2 is used in a wide variety of tool making applications.Use D2 for applications requiring long runs and close tolerances. Use it for tools and dies for blanking, punching, forming, cold-extruding, and other operations requiring high compressive strength and excellent wear resistance.
Typical applications includes :Cutting, punching, stamping tools, shear blades, thread rolling dies, cold extrusion dies, drawing and bending tools, flanging and straightening rolls, fine cutting tools, deep drawing tools, plastic moulds for abrasive polymers
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